Effect of addition of poly（ethylene glycol） on electrical conductivity of poly（3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene）-poly（styrenesulfonate） hybrid

By mixing various concentrations of poly (ethylene glycol), a series of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styeenesuffonate) composite thin films were prepared.The electrical conductivity of the PEDOT-PSS/PEG thin films was measured by the four-pcobe method. Experimental results showed that the inclusion of poly(ethylene glycol) influenced the electrical conductivity of PEDOT-PSS film significantly. With the increase of PEG concentrations, the electrical conductivity sharply increased to reach a maximum and then slowly decreased down. Furthermore, the PEG molecular weight and environment temperature also played important roles on the electrical conductivity of PEDOT-PSS/PEG thin films. A good linear relationship was found between in σDC and T^-1/2 within the entire temperature range detected.     

The protein Aly links pre-messenger-RNA splicing to nuclear export in metazoans

In metazoans, most pre-messenger RNAs contain introns that are removed by splicing. The spliced mRNAs are then exported to the cytoplasm. Recent studies showed that splicing promotes efficient mRNA export, but the mechanism for coupling these two processes is not known. Here we show that Aly, the metazoan homologue of the yeast mRNA export factor Yralp (ref. 2), is recruited to messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes generated by splicing. In contrast, Aly does not associate with mRNPs assembled on identical mRNAs that already have no introns or with heterogenous nuclear RNP (hnRNP) complexes. Aly is recruited during spliceosome assembly, and then becomes tightly associated with the spliced mRNP. Aly shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm, and excess recombinant Aly increases both the rate and efficiency of mRNA export in vivo. Consistent with its splicing-dependent recruitment, Aly co-localizes with splicing factors in the nucleus. We conclude that splicing is required for efficient mRNA export as a result of coupling between the splicing and the mRNA export machineries.     

Crystal structure of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli intimin-receptor complex

Intimin and its translocated intimin receptor (Tir) are bacterial proteins that mediate adhesion between mammalian cells and attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) causes significant paediatric morbidity and mortality world-wide. A related A/E pathogen, enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC; O157:H7) is one of the most important food-borne pathogens in North America, Europe and Japan. A unique and essential feature of A/E bacterial pathogens is the formation of actin-rich pedestals beneath the intimately adherent bacteria and localized destruction of the intestinal brush border. The bacterial outer membrane adhesin, intimin, is necessary for the production of the A/E lesion and diarrhoea. The A/E bacteria translocate their own receptor for intimin, Tir, into the membrane of mammalian cells using the type III secretion system. The translocated Tir triggers additional host signalling events and actin nucleation, which are essential for lesion formation. Here we describe the the crystal structures of an EPEC intimin carboxy-terminal fragment alone and in complex with the EPEC Tir intimin-binding domain, giving insight into the molecular mechanisms of adhesion of A/E pathogens.     

Water activity as the determinant for homogeneous ice nucleation in aqueous solutions

The unique properties of water in the supercooled (metastable) state are not fully understood. In particular, the effects of solutes and mechanical pressure on the kinetics of the liquid-to-solid phase transition of supercooled water and aqueous solutions to ice have remained unresolved. Here we show from experimental data that the homogeneous nucleation of ice from supercooled aqueous solutions is independent of the nature of the solute, but depends only on the water activity of the solution--that is, the ratio between the water vapour pressures of the solution and of pure water under the same conditions. In addition, we show that the presence of solutes and the application of pressure have a very similar effect on ice nucleation. We present a thermodynamic theory for homogeneous ice nucleation, which expresses the nucleation rate coefficient as a function of water activity and pressure. Recent observations from clouds containing ice are in good agreement with our theory and our results should help to overcome one of the main weaknesses of numerical models of the atmosphere, the formulation of cloud processes.     

硫酸盐法间歇蒸煮过程的建模

本文从硫酸盐法间歇蒸煮脱木动力学出发,推导出其蒸煮过程纸浆Ｋａｐｐａ值数学模型为：Ｋａ＝Ａ－Ｂｌｎ／（Ｈ－Ｈｂ）「ｌｎ（Ｓ）ＥＡｂ」＾Ｒ」,用实验和工厂的数据对模型的验证结果表明,该模型具有很好的拟合精度,其相关系数γ大于０．９３４。     

倒立摆控制方法的研究

运用牛顿动力学方法对单级倒立摆系统进行了数学建模,并对基于经典控制理论的PID控制法、基于自适应神经网络模糊控制方法进行了仿真对比分析研究。     

基于自适应遗传算法的无人机航路规划

在规划区域内随机产生一系列威胁点和相应威胁半径来量化无人机(UAV)任务环境,通过纵向剖分目标区,将航路点的表示由二维缩减到一维,采用实值编码以提高运算精度.针对遗传算法(GA)早收敛和收敛慢的问题,在交叉和变异中设计了自适应算子.计算仿真表明该控制算法能使无人机在复杂环境中回避威胁,快速选择最短路径,提高了规划效率.     

自然计算——人工智能的有效实施模式

对自然计算理念给出统一的框架描述,并以反馈式神经网络和群体智能算法为例加以具体论述.在所定义模型框架下,自然计算领域内算法中的相关智能体群表现出一种相对统一的智能计算模式.     

线性-二次双层规划的满意解与基于LP与NLP过程的算法

对线性-二次双层规划(简称LQP)模型提出求满意解的直接搜索方法.得到了基于LP与NLP过程来协调LQP上下层满意度与求满意解的算法.数值计算实例表明,算法得到的满意解较之传统最优解更有效.